Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)
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Dynasties:
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Slave (Mamluk), Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, Lodi
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Important Rulers:
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Qutb-ud-din Aibak – Founder
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Alauddin Khilji – Market Reforms, Military Expansion
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Muhammad bin Tughlaq – Known for ambitious experiments
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Bhakti & Sufi Movements
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Bhakti Movement: Devotion to God, against caste discrimination.
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Sufi Saints: Promoted love, peace, and brotherhood.
Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)
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South Indian Kingdom known for architecture like Hampi temples.
Mughal Empire (1526–1857)
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Founder: Babur (First Battle of Panipat, 1526)
Important Rulers:
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Akbar (1556–1605):
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Religious tolerance, abolished Jizya Tax
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Introduced Din-i-Ilahi (a religious order)
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Jahangir & Nur Jahan: Administrative excellence.
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Shah Jahan: Built Taj Mahal.
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Aurangzeb: Expansion of empire but religious intolerance led to unrest.
Decline of Mughals
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Post-Aurangzeb period saw the rise of regional powers: Marathas, Sikhs, Rajputs.
